Pressures act on seabirds in three main ways; on their food supplies, availability of safe breeding and foraging habitats, or through direct mortality.
Each of the pressures is grouped under one of these threats, with the exception of climate change which falls under all three.
Threats to plentiful food supply
- Reduction in prey availability
Threats to safe breeding and foraging habitats
- Invasive non-native species
- Disturbance
- Habitat Loss
Threats leading to death
- Bycatch
- Collision, displacement, and barrier effects
- Disease
- Pollution (litter, oil, other contaminants)
- Intentional taking and desctruction
